Field Note
The Integration Layer
The largest robotics opportunity may not be a more human machine, but a cheaper path from an empty factory floor to reliable production.
Manufacturing
Field Note
The Refinery Gap
Mineral security is not won at the mine. The decisive chokepoint is the difficult middle where ore becomes usable material.
Field Note
The Package Is the Computer
AI hardware is turning semiconductor packaging from an afterthought into the place where systems are designed, constrained and won.
Field Note
The Transformer Factory
The machine at the center of the electric age is still built like a bespoke industrial artifact. Demand is exposing what that costs.