Deep Space Station 43 at NASA's Canberra complex, the terrestrial link to spacecraft across the solar system. Photo: NASA.

Space Ends on the Ground

Every orbital business eventually reaches an antenna, a control room, a launch range or a regulator on Earth.

Cable Innovator, a ship built to lay and repair undersea cable, docked in Bermuda. Photo: derlandsknecht, CC BY-SA 2.0.

The Internet Beneath the Internet

The cloud crosses oceans inside glass fibers laid on the seabed. Its resilience depends on ships, permits and geographic slack.